GIP-0005: Gas costing for handlers

Radicle device ID: hybhox8aekn9hwyqzdn1pyi4wiea4odm6m563kpcwsqbcx7mki6kto
branch: leo/gas-consting

GIP summary:

This GIP proposes that the computational cost of a handler be measured in units of gas and limited to a maximum cost. If a handler attempts to consume more gas than the maximum, the subgraph will fail with a deterministic error. This is necessary so that it is possible to prove that a subgraph cannot be indexed past the block which triggers such a handler.

Subgraph handlers that run for too long are an issue for operators, since they excessively consume resources, and also a issue for protocol security since they make the subgraph impossible to sync in a reasonable time, if it can be synced at all. Graph Node currently implements a timeout for handlers, which is useful to prevent excessive resource consumption, however timeouts are not deterministic. For protocol security, it is necessary to deterministically measure the cost of a handler. This GIP proposes gas costing for handlers, similar to the gas costing for transactions that exists in blockchain protocols.

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